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Shigella-Controlled Human Infection Models: Current and Future Perspectives

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Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology

Abstract

Shigella-controlled human infection models (CHIMs) are an invaluable tool utilized by the vaccine community to combat one of the leading global causes of infectious diarrhea, which affects infants, children and adults regardless of socioeconomic status. The impact of shigellosis disproportionately affects children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) resulting in cognitive and physical stunting, perpetuating a cycle that must be halted. Shigella-CHIMs not only facilitate the early evaluation of enteric countermeasures and up-selection of the most promising products but also provide insight into mechanisms of infection and immunity that are not possible utilizing animal models or in vitro systems. The greater understanding of shigellosis obtained in CHIMs builds and empowers the development of new generation solutions to global health issues which are unattainable in the conventional laboratory and clinical settings. Therefore, refining, mining and expansion of safe and reproducible infection models hold the potential to create effective means to end diarrheal disease and associated co-morbidities associated with Shigella infection.

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Abbreviations

AMR:

Antimicrobial resistance

AR:

Attack rate

CCHMC:

Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center

CDC:

US Center for Disease Control and prevention

CFU:

Colony forming units

CHIM:

Controlled human infection model

CoP:

Correlates of protection

CRP:

C-reactive protein

EE:

Environmental enteropathy

EMA:

European Medicines Agency

ETEC:

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

FDA:

US Food and Drug Administration

G4C:

Group 4 capsule

GMP:

Good manufacturing practices

HBD-1:

Human β-defensin-1

HICs:

High-income countries

IABS:

International Alliance for Biological Standardisation

Ipa:

Invasion plasmid antigens

LMICs:

Low- and middle-income countries

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

mAb:

Monoclonal antibody

MPO:

Myeloperoxidase

OAg:

O-antigen

SAGE:

Strategic Advisory Group of Experts

T3SS:

Type-III secretion system

T6SS:

Type-VI secretion system

TCV:

Typhoid conjugate vaccine

US:

United States

WHO:

World Health Organization

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Diarrheal Disease Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA

    Kristen A. Clarkson & Robert W. Kaminski

  2. Enteric Disease Department, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA

    Chad K. Porter

  3. Center for Immunization Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 North Broadway Street Hampton House, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA

    Kawsar R. Talaat

  4. Department of Biosciences, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi County Hospital, Off Bofa Road, Kilifi, 80108, Kenya

    Melissa C. Kapulu

  5. Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA

    Wilbur H. Chen

  6. Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA

    Robert W. Frenck Jr.

  7. PATH Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, 455 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20001, USA

    A. Louis Bourgeois

  8. GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100, Siena, Italy

    Laura B. Martin

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Clarkson, K.A. et al. (2021). Shigella-Controlled Human Infection Models: Current and Future Perspectives. In: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2021_248

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